Scientific Aims

• Simulate the behaviour of the Earth system's various components- atmosphere (climate and chemistry), biosphere, cryosphere, and oceans under contemporary climate natural variability and future climate change until 2100

• Compute the interactions between these components and their impacts on each other in terms of biogeochemical processes (e.g. the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles), the water cycle and the earth's energy balance.

• Quantify the strength and direction of significant feedbacks between different earth system components and processes, for example,

> changes to surface albedo and fluxes of carbon and water between ecosystems and the atmosphere,

> dust deposition and ocean biological activity, and

> effects of biogenic emissions of VOCs on the oxidizing capacity of atmosphere and thereby the climate.